Herramientas avanzadas de interferometría de radar para identificación de deformaciones en la superficie terrestre en el municipio de Arbeláez, Colombia
Resumen
Algunos procesos de inestabilidad y deformación superficial son continuos en el tiempo y es posible que desencadenen deslizamientos que pueden comprometer la integridad de las personas y la economía de los territorios. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal identificar y mapear zonas de inestabilidad y deformación superficial en el municipio de Arbeláez, Cundinamarca, mediante el uso de técnicas avanzadas de interferometría diferencial con radar de apertura sintética (DInSAR). Para ello, se aplicaron dos metodologías complementarias: Persistent Scatterer (PS) y Small Baseline Subset (SBAS), y se analizaron 27 imágenes satelitales de radar en órbita descendente, obtenidas de la plataforma Sentinel-1 de la Agencia Espacial Europea. Como resultado principal, se lograron identificar y mapear zonas afectadas por movimientos de la superficie terrestre, destacándose áreas con deformaciones significativas. En la vereda de Hato Viejo se registraron desplazamientos de 12,8 mm/año en dirección vertical y 4,8 mm/año en dirección horizontal utilizando la metodología SBAS; mientras que con la metodología PS se obtuvieron valores de 25,8 mm/año y 9,5 mm/año en las mismas direcciones, respectivamente. En la vereda San Luis se cuantificaron deformaciones de 14,7 mm/año (arriba-abajo) y 6,2 mm/ año (este-oeste) con SBAS, y 13,8 mm/año vertical y 5,6 mm/año horizontal con PS. Por otro lado, en la vereda Santa Bárbara se detectaron magnitudes de -9,98 mm/año (arriba-abajo) y -13,2 mm/año (este-oeste) con SBAS; -3,0 mm/año (este-oeste), y -4,2 mm/año (arriba-abajo) con PS. Estos resultados fueron validados mediante visitas de campo, lo que confirmó la precisión y confiabilidad de los datos obtenidos.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Ciencia e Ingeniería Neogranadina
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