Residuos de madera e impactos medioambientales en la fabricación de muebles: el caso del grupo de muebles de madera
Resumen
Este estudio estima el impacto ambiental de la generación de residuos sólidos de madera en un clúster de muebles colombiano. A través de un enfoque puerta a puerta, la investigación articula el análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV) con modelos logit ordenados de efectos aleatorios, lo cual cierra la brecha entre el inventario físico de residuos y las externalidades ecológicas probabilísticas. Los resultados del ACV identifican el lijado y aserrado como las principales fuentes de residuos (más del 50% del volumen). Los resultados econométricos revelan que la generación de residuos incrementa de manera desproporcionada la probabilidad de impactos severos en la calidad del aire y recursos hídricos, aunque muestra un menor impacto sobre la población cercana debido a la zonificación industrial. Se concluye que la industria debe implementar estrategias de economía circular para mitigar estos riesgos.
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