Estudio termoanalítico y cinético de la valorización de derivados fenólicos provenientes de la biomasa del pseudotallo del plátano dominicohartón (Musa AAB Simmonds)
Resumen
Colombia es un país con alta actividad agrícola, lo que genera grandes volúmenes de residuos, en su mayoría desaprovechados. En el cultivo de plátano solo se utiliza el fruto, el cual representa aproximadamente el 20 % de la planta; el resto —raíces, rizoma, cáscaras, pseudotallo, hojas, raquis y flor— es descartado. Entre las estrategias de valorización de biomasa, la Hidrogenación Catalítica por Transferencia (hct) ha mostrado potencial. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que aborden la hct de lignina del pseudotallo de plátano, integrando aspectos cinéticos y termoanalíticos. Esta investigación evalúa la valorización de compuestos fenólicos derivados de lignina extraída del pseudotallo de plátano dominico-hartón (Musa aab Simmonds). La extracción siguió el método astm d1106, mediante extracción Soxhlet con etanol-tolueno, filtración, tratamiento con H₂SO₄ y calentamiento. La lignina fue caracterizada por ft-ir y sometida a hct homogénea con 50,4 mg de lignina, 4,75 mg de NiCl₂·6H₂O como catalizador y mezcla etanol-agua (50 % v/v) como medio reductor. Se usó un diseño central rotatorio con temperatura (25–240 °C) y tiempo (1–8 h) como variables independientes y compuestos fenólicos totales (cft) como respuesta, evaluados por el método Folin-Ciocalteu. Se realizaron 13 reacciones, y se encontraron condiciones óptimas a 25 °C y 4,8 h. El modelo cinético se ajustó a una reacción de pseudoorden primer orden. El análisis térmico por dsc y tga arrojó una temperatura de transición vítrea de 150 °C, recristalización a 455 °C (630,4 J/g°C) y fusión a 718 °C (8602,42 J/g°C).
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