Cambios en la composición del empleo y desigualdad salarial en Colombia
Resumen
El presente artículo evalúa el efecto de la polarización del empleo sobre la desigualdad salarial en Colombia durante el periodo 2009-2019. Partiendo de un modelo basado en tareas, se analizan los cambios en la composición del empleo entre ocupaciones rutinarias, no rutinarias, cognitivas y manuales. Utilizando un modelo de efectos fijos con variables instrumentales y datos de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (geih), se encuentra que la desigualdad salarial aumenta con la mayor participación de las ocupaciones en la parte alta y media de la distribución de habilidades y se reduce con la mayor participación de ocupaciones en la parte baja. A diferencia de lo observado en economías desarrolladas, donde la polarización del empleo ha acentuado la desigualdad, en Colombia este fenómeno ha coincidido con una moderada mejora en la distribución del ingreso. Este comportamiento podría explicarse por la falta de correspondencia entre remuneraciones, tareas y habilidades requeridas.
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