Mudanças na composição do emprego e desigualdade salarial na Colômbia
Resumo
Este artigo avalia o efeito da polarização do emprego sobre a desigualdade salarial na Colômbia durante o período de 2009 a 2019. Partindo de um modelo baseado em tarefas, são analisadas as mudanças na composição do emprego entre ocupações rotineiras, não rotineiras, cognitivas e manuais. Utilizando um modelo de efeitos fixos com variáveis instrumentais e dados da Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares (Grande Pesquisa Integrada de Lares- GEIH ), constata-se que a desigualdade salarial aumenta com a maior participação de ocupações na parte alta e média da distribuição de habilidades, e se reduz com a maior participação de ocupações na parte baixa. Diferentemente do que foi observado em economias desenvolvidas, onde a polarização do emprego tem acentuado a desigualdade, na Colômbia esse fenômeno coincidiu com uma melhora moderada na distribuição de renda. Esse comportamento pode ser explicado pela falta de correspondencia entre remunerações, tarefas e habilidades requeridas.
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