Departamento de policía y redes sociales: una interlocución entre investigación y práctica
Resumen
El uso de las redes sociales por parte de la policía se considera una innovación en la seguridad pública, que crea valor y genera beneficios para sus usuarios externos e internos. Este trabajo pretendía realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura, y su objetivo era analizar, de acuerdo con la literatura internacional, cómo las redes sociales están siendo utilizadas por los departamentos de policía. Mediante una búsqueda específica en seis bases de datos e información adicional de Google Scholar, se recuperaron 4.814 estudios primarios candidatos. Con ayuda del protocolo PICOC, y tras aplicar criterios de exclusión y parámetros de calidad, se analizaron 70 artículos. Además de la información bibliométrica, se constató que las redes sociales más utilizadas son Twitter, Facebook, Instagram y Youtube. Los principales resultados revelan que su uso por parte de la policía va más allá de la comunicación, información e interacción con la población, buscando el compromiso y la actuación en emergencias y pandemias. Y las redes contribuyen a la mejora de la vigilancia policial, la disuasión de la delincuencia y las actividades de control del desorden. Además, este trabajo arroja luz sobre el tema en el escenario académico, proponiendo oportunidades de investigación. Como limitación, se señala en el análisis solo de la literatura calificada y por lo tanto algunos artículos pueden no haber sido incluidos por no ajustarse a los parámetros elegidos.
Descargas
Referencias bibliográficas
Adorjan, M.C., & Ricciardelli, R. (2021). Synoptic prudentialism: The police, social media, and bureaucratic resistance. Canadian Journal of Sociology, 46(1), 59 - 8 4. https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/cjs/index.php/CJS/article/view/29727/21542
Ahmad, A., Jamshidi, P., & Pahl, C. (2012). Protocol for systematic literature review. Technical Report, Dublin City University, Dublin-Ireland.
Anderson, M., Lewis, K., & Dedehayir, O. (2015, August). Diffusion of innovation in the public sector: Twitter adoption by municipal police departments in the US. In 2015 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PIC-MET) (pp. 2453-2464). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.2015.7273207Beshears
M.L. (2017). Effectiveness of police social media use. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 42(3), 489-501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-016-9380-4Biolchini
J., Mian, P.G., Natali, A. C.C., & Travassos, G.H. (2005). Systematic review in software engineering. System engineering and computer science department CO-PPE/UFRJ, Technical Report ES, 679(05), 45.
Boateng, F.D., & Chenane, J. (2020). Policing and social media: A mixed-method investigation of social media use by a small-town police department. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 22(3), 263-273. htps://doi.org/10.1177/1461355720927429Brainard,
L., & Edlins, M. (2015). Top 10 US municipal police departments and their social media usage. The American Review of Public Administration, 45(6), 728-745. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014524478Brunty
J., & Helenek, K. (2014). Social media investigation for law enforcement. Routledge.Bullock, K. (2018a). (Re)presenting "order" online: The construction of police presentational strategies on social media. Policing and Society, 28(3), 345-359. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2016.1177529
Bullock, K. (2018b). The police use of social media: Transformation or normalization? Social Policy and Society, 17(2), 245-258. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746417000112
Bullock, K., Garland, J., & Coupar, F. (2021). Police-community engagement and the affordances and constraints of social media. Policing and Society, 31(4), 373-385. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2020.1831498
Cano, I. (2013). Uma polícia para o século XXI: Comentário sobre o artigo de Minayo e Adorno. Ciência & Saú-de Coletiva, 18(3), 596-598. scielosp.org/article/ssm/content/raw/?resource_ssm_path=/media/assets/csc/v18n3/04.pdf
Cartwright, A., & Shaw, C. (2020). Evidence based social media use: An exploratory UK investigation into residents' perceptions of police Facebook use. Safer Communities, 19(2), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.1108/SC-09-2019-0033
Ceccato, V., Solymosi, R., & Müller, O. (2021). The use of Twitter by police officers in urban and rural contexts in Sweden. International Criminal Justice Review, 31(4), 456-476. https://doi.org/10.1177/10575677211041926
Cheng, T. (2021). Social media, socialization, and pursuing legitimation of police violence. Criminology, 59(3), 391-418. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12277
Creswell, J.W. (2010). Projeto de pesquisa: Métodos qualitativo, quantitativo e misto. Porto Alegre: Artmed.
Colbran, M.P. (2018). Policing, social media and the new media landscape: Can the police and the traditional media ever successfully bypass each other? Policing and Society, 30(3), 295-309. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2018.1532426
Cordeiro, A.M., Oliveira, G.M., Rentería, J.M., Gui-marães, C.A., & Grupo de Estudo de Revisão Siste-mática do Rio de Janeiro. (2007). Revisão sistemática: Uma revisão narrativa. Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões, 34(6), 428-431. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-69912007000600012
Dai, M., He, W., Tian, X., Giraldi, A., & Gu, F. (2017). Wor-king with communities on social media: Varieties in the use of Facebook and Twitter by local police. Online Information Review, 41(6), 782-796. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-01-2016-0002
De Graaf, G., & Meijer, A. (2019). Social media and value conflicts: An explorative study of the Dutch police. Public Administration Review, 79(1), 82-92. https://doi.org /10.1111/pua r.12914
Dencik, L., Hintz, A., & Carey, Z. (2018). Prediction, pre-emption and limits to dissent: Social media and big data uses for policing protests in the United Kingdom. New Media & Society, 20(4), 1433-1450. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817697722
Dong, B., & Wu, X. (2022). Reaching and engaging people: Analyzing tweeting practices of large US police departments pre-and post- the killing of George Floyd. PLoS one, 17(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/jour-nal.pone.0269288
Donato, H., & Donato, M. (2019). Etapas na condução de uma revisão sistemática. Acta Médica Portuguesa, 32(3). https://doi.org/10.20344/amp.11923
M. (2020). Reimagining police engagement? Kenya National Police Service on social media. Policing and Society, 30(7), 760-776. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2019.1589470
Edlins, M., & Brainard, L. A. (2016). Pursuing the promi-ses of social media? Changes in adoption and usage of social media by the top 10 US police departments. In-formation Polity, 21(2), 171-188. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-160380
Egawhary, E.M. (2019). The surveillance dimensions of the use of social media by UK police forces. Surveillance & Society, 17(1/2), 89-104. https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v17i1/2.12916
Ellis, J.R. (2021). More than a trivial pursuit: Public order policing narratives and the "social media test". Crime, Media, Culture, 17(2), 185-207. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741659020918634
Fallik, S.W., Deuchar, R., Crichlow, V.J., & Hodges, H. (2020). Policing through social media: A qualitative exploration. International Journal of Police Science & Management, 22(2), 208-218. https://doi.org /10.1177/14 61355720911948
Ferguson, L., & Soave, V. (2021). #Missing to# Found: exploring police Twitter use for missing persons investigations. Police Practice and Research, 22(1), 869-885. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1753516
Fielding, N.G. (2021). Police communications and social media. European Journal of Criminology, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370821998969
Figueiredo Filho, D.B., Paranhos, R., Silva Júnior, J.A., Rocha, E.C., & Alves, D.P. (2014). O que é, para que serve e como se faz uma meta-análise? Teoria & Pesquisa: Revista de Ciência Política, 23(2). http://doi.org/10.4322/tp.2014.018
Fowler, B.M. (2017). Stealing thunder and filling the silence: Twitter as a primary channel of police crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 43(4), 718-728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2017.04.007
Frank, R., Cheng, C., & Pun, V. (2011). Social media sites: New fora for criminal, communication, and investigation opportunities.
Ottawa: Public Safety Canada.Grimmelikhuijsen, S.G., & Meijer, A.J. (2015). Does Twitter increase perceived police legitimacy?. Public Administration Review, 75(4), 598-607. https://doi.org /10.1111/puar.12378
Grygiel, J., & Lysak, S. (2021). Police social media and broadcast news: An investigation into the impact of police use of Facebook on journalists' gatekeeping role. Journalism Practice, 15(7), 994-1011. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2020.1759123
Hand, L.C., & Ching, B.D. (2020). Maintaining neutrality: A sentiment analysis of police agency Facebook pages before and after a fatal officer-involved shooting of a citizen. Government Information Quarterly, 37(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.101420
Huang, Y., Wu, Q., Huang, X., & Bort, J. (2017). A multipla-tform investigation of law enforcement agencies on so-cial media. Information Polity, 22(2-3), 179-196. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-170414
Hu, X., Dong, B., & Lovrich, N. (2021). "We are all in this to-gether": Police use of social media during the Covid-19 pandemic. Policing: An International Journal, 45(1), 106 -123. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-05-2021-0072
Hu, X., & Lovrich, N.P. (2019). Social media and the police: A study of organizational characteristics associated with the use of social media. Policing: An International Journal, 42(4), 654-670. https://doi.org/10.1108/PI-JPSM-09-2018-0139
Hu, X., Rodgers, K., & Lovrich, N.P. (2018). "We are more than crime fighters": Social media images of police de-partments. Police Quarterly, 21(4), 544-572. https://doi.org /10.1177/1098611118783991
Hu, X., Rodgers, K., & Lovrich, N.P. (2020). Public preferences regarding police Facebook posts: A macro-level analysis. Police Practice and Research, 21(3), 227-245. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2018.1531753
Intravia, J., Thompson, A.J., & Pickett, J.T. (2020). Net legitimacy: Internet and social media exposure and at-titudes toward the police. Sociological Spectrum, 40(1), 58-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2020.1720554
International Association of Chiefs of Police (iacp). About iacp. 2022. https://www.theiacp.org/about-iacp.Johnston, J., & McGovern, A. (2013). Communicating justice: A comparison of courts and police use of con-temporary media. International Journal of Communication, 7(1), 1667-1687. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/2029/960
Jungblut, M., & Jungblut, J. (2021). Do organizational differences matter for the use of social media by public organizations? A computational analysis of the way the German police use Twitter for external communication. Public Administration, 1(1), 1-20. https://doi.org /10.1111/padm.12747
Jungblut, M., Kümpel, A.S., & Steer, R. (2022). Social media use of the police in crisis situations: A mixed-method study on communication practices of the German police. New Media & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221127899Kitchenham
B., & Charters, S. (2007). Guidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in sof-tware engineering.
Kitchenham, B.A., Mendes, E., & Travassos, G.H. (2007). Cross versus within-company cost estima-tion studies: A systematic review. ieee Transactions on Software Engineering, 33(5), 316-329. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSE.2007.1001
Kudla, D., & Parnaby, P. (2018). To serve and to tweet: An examination of police-related Twitter activity in To-ronto. Social Media + Society, 4(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305118787520
Leppert, K., Saliterer, I., & Korać, S. (2022). The role of emotions for citizen engagement via social media - a study of police departments using Twitter. Government Information Quarterly, 39(3), 101686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101686
Leott, Y.M. (2019). #Screening out: Criminal justice stu-dents' awareness of social media usage in policing. Cogent Social Sciences, 5(1), 1573570. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2019.1573570
Lieberman, J.D., Koetzle, D., & Sakiyama, M. (2013). Police departments' use of Facebook: Patterns and policy issues. Police Quarterly, 16(4), 438-462. https://doi.org /10.1177/1098611113495049
Livingstone, R.M. (2022). Public relations and public service: Police departments on Facebook. Policing and Society, 32(5), 598-610. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2021.1941012
Mayes, L. (2021). Social media and community-oriented policing: Examining the organizational image construction of municipal police on Twitter and Facebook. Police Practice and Research, 22(1), 9 03 -9 2 0. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1843459
Meijer, A., & Thaens, M. (2013). Social media strategies: Understanding the differences between North American police departments. Government Information Quarterly, 30(4), 343-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2013.05.023
Meijer, A.J., & Torenvlied, R. (2016). Social media and the new organization of government communications: An empirical analysis of Twitter usage by the Dutch poli-ce. The American Review of Public Administration, 46(2), 143-161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074014551381
Minayo, M.C.D.S., & Adorno, S. (2013). Risco e (in)segurança na missão policial. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 18(3), 585-593. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232013000300002
Mohler, M., Campbell, C., Henderson, K., & Renauer, B. (2022). Policing in an era of sousveillance: A ran-domised controlled trial examining the influence of video footage on perceptions of legitimacy. Policing and Society, 32(1), 52-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2021.1878169
Mugari, I., & Chisuvi, R. (2021). Social media and national security in Zimbabwe: Embracing social media for national security and addressing social media threats. African Security Review, 30(1), 86-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2020.1857806
Mugari, I., & Muzinda, C. (2021). Social media: The double-edged sword for perpetuating and preventing criminal activities in Zimbabwe. Safer Communities. https://doi.org/10.1108/SC-02-2021-0004
Nightingale, A. (2009). A guide to systematic literature re-views. Surgery (Oxford), 27(9), 381-384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2009.07.005
Nikolovska, M., Johnson, S.D., & Ekblom, P. (2020). "Show this thread": Policing, disruption and mobilisation through Twitter. An analysis of UK law enforcement tweeting practices during the Covid-19 pandemic. Crime Science, 9(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-020-00129-2
O'Connor, C.D. (2017). The police on Twitter: Image mana-gement, community building, and implications for policing in Canada. Policing and Society, 27(8), 899-912. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2015.1120731
Odeyemi, T.I., & Obiyan, A.S. (2018). Digital policing technologies and democratic policing: Will the internet, social media and mobile phone enhance police accoun-tability and police-citizen relations in Nigeria? Interna-tional Journal of Police Science & Management, 20(2), 97-108. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461355718763448
Penha, M., Penha, R., & Andrade, D.C.T. (2020). Inovação em serviços de comunicação: Utilização de mídias sociais pela Polícia Militar para redução do índice criminal. Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Segurança Pública, 13(1), 1- 8 .
Petticrew, M., & Roberts, H. (2008). Systematic reviews in the social sciences: A practical guide. John Wiley & Sons.Pogrebnyakov, N., & Maldonado, E. (2018). Didn't roger that: Social media message complexity and situatio-nal awareness of emergency responders.
International Journal of Information Management, 40, 166-174. Procter, R., Crump, J., Karstedt, S., Voss, A., & Cantijoch, M. (2013). Reading the riots: What were the police doing on Twitter? Policing and Society, 23(4), 413-436. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2013.780223Ralph,
L. (2021). The dynamic nature of police legitimacy on social media. Policing and Society, 32(7), 817-831. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2021.1956493
Ralph, L., Jones, M., Rowe, M., & Millie, A. (2022). Maintai-ning police-citizen relations on social media during the Covid-19 pandemic. Policing and Society, 32(6), 764-777. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2022.2091565
Rogers, E.M. (2013). Diffusion of innovations. New York: Free Press, 551.Rosenberger, J.S., & Dierenfeldt, R. (2022). Media and confidence in the police: Differences across race/ethnici-t y. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 47(3), 589- 613. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09603-8
Santos C.M.D.C., Pimenta, C.A.D.M., & Nobre, M.R.C. (2007). A estratégia PICO para a construção da per-gunta de pesquisa e busca de evidências. Revista Lati-no-Americana de Enfermagem, 15, 508-511. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692007000300023
Schneider, C.J. (2016). Police presentational strategies on Twitter in Canada. Policing and Society, 26(2), 129-147. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2014.922085
Sever, B., Elg, E., & Ellis, S. (2021). Law enforcement and the depiction of minorities and women on social me-dia: A review of municipal police department Facebook pictures. Race and Justice, 11(2), 127-159. https://doi.org/10.1177/2153368718802354
Shearer, E. & Mitchell, A. News use across social media platforms in 2020. Pew Research Center, 2021. https://www.pewresearch.org/journalism/2021/01/12/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-in-2020/
Sicsú, A. L. & Dana, S. (2012). Estatística aplicada: Análise exploratória de dados. São Paulo: Saraiva.
Stickle, B., Kulig, T.C., Creel, S., Meyer, K.N., Maynard, B., & Jeanes, G.C. (2022). Human trafficking awareness and re-porting: Insights from Tennessee police websites and Twi-tter. Policing: An International Journal, (ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-04-2022-0064
Solymosi, R., Petcu, O., & Wilkinson, J. (2021). Exploring public engagement with missing person appeals on Twitter. Policing and Society, 31(7), 798-821. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2020.1782409
Thomas, A.L., Hatten, D.N., & Connealy, N.T. (2022). Does police use of Twitter align with and enhan-ce community policing objectives? An analysis of the New York City Police Department's Twitter activity. Police Quarterly, 25(4), 443-469. https://doi.org/10.1177/10986111211043875
Trottier, D. (2015). Coming to terms with social media moni-toring: Uptake and early assessment. Crime, Media, Cultu-re, 11(3), 317-333. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741659015593390
Trottier, D. (2017). "Fear of contact": Police surveillance through social networks. European Journal of Cultural and Political Sociology, 4(4), 457-477. https://doi.org/10.1080/23254823.2017.1333442
Uduma, N.E., Nwasum, C.J., Abaneme, E.C., & Icha-Ituma, E. (2021). We are watching them as they post: A mirror into the Nigerian Police Force use of social media and challenges affecting its adoption in policing. Police Practice and Research, 22(5), 1524-1539. https://doi.org/10.1080/15614263.2020.1848563
Vomfell, L., Härdle, W. K., & Lessmann, S. (2018). Improving crime count forecasts using Twitter and taxi data. Decision Support Systems, 113, 73-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2018.07.003
Walby, K., & Gumieny, C. (2020). Public police's philanthropy and Twitter communications in Canada. Poli-cing: An International Journal, 43(5), 73-85. https://doi.org/10.1108/PIJPSM-03-2020-0041
Walby, K., & Wilkinson, B. (2021). The visual politics of public police Instagram use in Canada. New Media & Society, 1(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211015805
Walsh, J.P. (2020). Social media and border security: Twi-tter use by migration policing agencies. Policing and Society, 30(10), 1138-1156. https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2019.1666846
Walsh, J.P., & O'Connor, C. (2019). Social media and po-licing: A review of recent research. Sociology Com-pass, 13(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/soc4.126 48
Warren, A.M., Sulaiman, A., & Jaafar, N.I. (2014). Social media effects on fostering online civic engagement and building citizen trust and trust in institutions. Govern-ment Information Quarterly, 31(2), 291-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2013.11.007
Wessels, B. (2009). Information and communication te-chnologies and policing: The dynamics of changing police‐public communication in the East end of Lon-don. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 48(5), 501-513. ht t ps://doi.org/10.1111/j1468-2311.2009.0 0591.x
White, A., & Schmidt, K. (2005). Systematic literature re-views. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 13(1), 5 4 -60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2004.12.003
Williams, C.B., Fedorowicz, J., Kavanaugh, A., Mentzer, K., Thatcher, J.B., & Xu, J. (2018). Leveraging social media to achieve a community policing agenda. Government Information Quarterly, 35(2), 210-222. https://doi.og/10.1016/j.giq.2018.03.001
Wood, M.A. (2020). Policing's "meme strategy": Unders-tanding the rise of police social media engagement work. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 32(1), 4 0 -5 8 . https://doi.org/10.1080/10345329.2019.1658695
Wood, M.A., & McGovern, A. (2021). Memetic Copa Gan-da: Understanding the humorous turn in police image work. Crime, Media, Culture, 17(3), 305-326. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741659020953452
Yang, S., & Stewart, B. (2019). Houstonpolice: An exploratory case of Twitter during Hurricane Harvey. On-line Information Review, 43(7), 1334-1351. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-09-2018-0279
| Estadísticas de artículo | |
|---|---|
| Vistas de resúmenes | |
| Vistas de PDF | |
| Descargas de PDF | |
| Vistas de HTML | |
| Otras vistas | |
Derechos de autor 2024 Revista de Relaciones Internacionales, Estrategia y Seguridad
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
