Del imperio a la potencia global: un análisis histórico de las escuelas de política exterior chinas
Resumen
El presente trabajo analiza la evolución histórica de la política exterior china desde mediados del siglo XVII hasta la actualidad, a partir de la identificación de cinco escuelas de política exterior que han orientado su accionar internacional. El estudio adopta un enfoque histórico-conceptual con el fin de comprender cómo los conceptos políticos que estructuran la acción externa —como soberanía, armonía, desarrollo o multipolaridad— han sido históricamente construidos, disputados y resignificados. El análisis muestra que la política exterior china no puede entenderse únicamente como una respuesta adaptativa a los cambios del entorno internacional, sino como la expresión de tradiciones ideacionales persistentes que vinculan pensamiento, poder e identidad civilizatoria. Si bien se observan rupturas significativas asociadas a transiciones de régimen y transformaciones del sistema global, también se advierten continuidades profundas en la manera como China concibe su papel en el orden mundial. El trabajo concluye que las escuelas de política exterior constituyen matrices de pensamiento que articulan los fundamentos doctrinarios e institucionales de la acción diplomática china, proporcionando un marco interpretativo integral para comprender la proyección internacional del país en tiempos de creciente multipolaridad.
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