Identidad y agencia moral: implicaciones normativas de la edición genética germinal en contextos transgeneracionales
Resumen
La edición genética germinal ha transformado radicalmente la capacidad humana de intervenir en la constitución biológica de individuos futuros, planteando desafíos éticos sin precedentes en torno a la identidad, la autonomía y la justicia. El presente artículo de estudio analiza las implicaciones normativas de dichas intervenciones desde un enfoque teórico-normativo interdisciplinario, identificando que la edición heredable no solo altera los niveles biológicos y psicológicos de la identidad personal, sino que también condiciona las posibilidades narrativas y relacionales del yo, comprometiendo la autonomía futura y redistribuyendo la agencia moral hacia actores actuales sin legitimidad directa. Asimismo, se evidencian riesgos estructurales de desigualdad, estigmatización y exclusión biotecnológica. En respuesta, se propone un marco bioético transgeneracional basado en la dignidad humana, la protección del futuro abierto y la justicia inclusiva, articulado mediante estructuras de gobernanza multinivel y de deliberación pública plural. De ese modo, se contribuye a orientar decisiones éticas en un escenario tecnocientífico global, promoviendo la responsabilidad intergeneracional y la equidad biopolítica.
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