Terapia fotodinámica: una estrategia innovadora para combatir la resistencia antibiótica en Staphylococcus aureus sensible y resistente a meticilina
Resumen
Introducción: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) es un patógeno oportunista con alta capacidad de adaptación y resistencia antibiótica. Representa un desafío para la salud pública, especialmente en cepas resistentes a la meticilina (SARM). Ante esta problemática, la terapia fotodinámica (TFD) surge como una alternativa prometedora, ya que emplea fotosensibilizadores activados por luz para generar especies reactivas de oxígeno que dañan la estructura celular bacteriana. Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia de la terapia fotodinámica como estrategia terapéutica alternativa para el tratamiento de S. aureus sensible y resistente a la meticilina. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión narrativa sobre la eficacia de la TFD contra infecciones por S. aureus en bases de datos como NCBI, Scopus y Science Direct, utilizando términos validados según los descriptores en ciencias de la salud (DeCS/MeSH). Se excluyeron estudios sobre nanopartículas y microorganismos no bacterianos, y se seleccionaron 50 artículos en inglés con estudios in vitro e in vivo. Resultados: Se identificaron siete fotosensibilizadores empleados en la eliminación de S. aureus: azul de toluidina, Giemsa, verde de indocianina, curcumina, hipocretina y ácido 5-aminolevulínico. El azul de toluidina y el ácido 5-aminolevulínico demostraron alta eficacia en la eliminación de biopelículas, mientras que la curcumina destacó por su origen natural y efecto sinérgico. Conclusión: La TFD es una estrategia prometedora para eliminar S. aureus, incluidas cepas resistentes, sin inducir mecanismos adicionales de resistencia. Sin embargo, es necesario optimizar sus parámetros y evaluar sus efectos adversos para su implementación clínica.
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