Eagle Syndrome: Case Report
Abstract
Eagle syndrome is considered as the elongation of the styloid process with or without ossification of the stylohyoid ligament, which extends between the temporal bone and the hyoid. The diagnosis can be made mainly with computed tomography (CT) or panoramic radiography, of course without neglecting the variety of signs and symptoms, such as cervical pain, foreign body sensation in the pharynx, limitations in oral opening, difficulty in phonation, dysphagia, otalgia, tinnitus, trismus and reduced neck mobility. Once the elongation has been identified, the patient may receive conservative or surgical treatment depending on the severity of the symptoms. Conservative management includes physiotherapy, infiltration with local anesthetics or corticosteroids and treatment with anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant or antidepressant drugs. Surgical management consists in fracturing the styloid process under general anesthesia, through transoral or transcervical approaches. Next, we will present pertinent information about the Eagle syndrome and then we will present a clinical case of a patient with said syndrome of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery service of the Hospital Militar Central.
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References
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https://doi.org/10.1111/ger.12160
Spalthoff S, Zimmerer R, Dittmann O, Tavassol F, Dittmann J, Gellrich NC, Jehn P. Piezoelectric surgery and navigation: a safe approach for complex cases of Eagle syndrome. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, 2016 Oct;45(10):1261-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2016.05.011
Al Weteid AS, Miloro M. Transoral endoscopic-assisted styloidectomy: How should Eagle syndrome be managed surgically? International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, 1 sep 2015, 44181-1187.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2015.03.021
Eagle ww. Symptomatic elongated styloid process report of two cases of styloid process-carotid artery syndrome with operation. Arch otolaryngol. 1949;49(5):490-503
https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1949.03760110046003
Martins WD, Ribas Mde O, Bisinelli J, França BH, Martins G. Eagle 39;s syndrome: treatment by intraoral bilateral resection of the ossified stylohyoid ligament. A review and report of two cases. Cranio: The Journal of Craneomandibular practice, 2013 Jul;31(3):226-31.
https://doi.org/10.1179/crn.2013.033
Costantinides F, Vidoni G, Bodin C, Di Lenarda R. Eagle's syndrome: signs and symptoms. Cranio: The Journal of Craneomandibular practice 2013 Jan;31(1):56-60.
https://doi.org/10.1179/crn.2013.008
Bertossi D, Albanese M, Chiarini L, Corega C, Mortellaro C, Nocini P. Eagle syndrome surgical treatment with piezosurgery. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2014 May;25(3):811-3.
https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000000700
Kiralj A, Illić M, Pejaković B, Markov B, Mijatov S, Mijatov I. Eagle's syndrome - A report of two cases. Vojnosanit Pregled . 2015 May;72(5):458-62.
https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP1505458K
Guimaraes Ragone, Simone Maria et al. Estudio radiográfico de las alteraciones morfológicas de la apófisis estiloides y de la rotación del cóndilo mandibular en pacientes con desorden temporomandibular, acta odontol. venez [online]. 2010, vol.48, n.1, pp. 87-92
Kent DT, Rath TJ, Snyderman C. Conventional and 3-Dimensional Computerized tomography in Eagle's Syndrome, Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia, and Asymptomatic Controls. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surgery: official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck surgery. 2015 Jul;153(1):41-7.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599815583047s of Eagle syndrome. International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, 2016 Oct;45(10):1261-7.
Al Weteid AS, Miloro M. Transoral endoscopic-assisted styloidectomy: How should Eagle syndrome be managed surgically? International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial surgery, 1 sep 2015, 44181-1187.
Eagle ww. Symptomatic elongated styloid process report of two cases of styloid process–carotid artery syndrome with operation. Arch otolaryngol. 1949;49(5):490-503
Martins WD, Ribas Mde O, Bisinelli J, França BH, Martins G. Eagle 39;s syndrome: treatment by intraoral bilateral resection of the ossified stylohyoid ligament. A review and report of two cases. Cranio: The Journal of Craneomandibular practice, 2013 Jul;31(3):226-31.
Costantinides F, Vidoni G, Bodin C, Di Lenarda R. Eagle's syndrome: signs and symptoms. Cranio: The Journal of Craneomandibular practice 2013 Jan;31(1):56-60.
Bertossi D, Albanese M, Chiarini L, Corega C, Mortellaro C, Nocini P. Eagle syndrome surgical treatment with piezosurgery. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2014 May;25(3):811-3.
Kiralj A, Illić M, Pejaković B, Markov B, Mijatov S, Mijatov I. Eagle's syndrome – A report of two cases. Vojnosanit Pregled . 2015 May;72(5):458-62.
Guimaraes Ragone, Simone Maria et al. Estudio radiográfico de las alteraciones morfológicas de la apófisis estiloides y de la rotación del cóndilo mandibular en pacientes con desorden temporomandibular, acta odontol. venez [online]. 2010, vol.48, n.1, pp. 87-92
Kent DT, Rath TJ, Snyderman C. Conventional and 3-Dimensional Computerized tomography in Eagle's Syndrome, Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia, and Asymptomatic Controls. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surgery: official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck surgery. 2015 Jul;153(1):41-7.
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