Microcephaly Associated with Congenital Zika Infection
First Confirmed Case in Tolima
Abstract
The Zika virus was responsible in Colombia for the second largest epidemic on the continent after Brazil during the 2015-2017 period. With 100,000 reported cases, 19,963 infected pregnant women and 248 cases of children born with microcephaly, the epidemic was declared to have ended in the country in 2016. It is the cause of the Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS), suspected for the first time in Rio de Janeiro where the relationship between Zika infection in pregnant women and the increase in the incidence of microcephaly was established. Subsequently, a whole series of congenital disorders in the fetus would be considered at the neurological, sensory, and musculoskeletal levels, thus confirming the teratogenic effect of the virus. The case of a four-month and twenty-day old patient coming from the rural area of Ibagué and attending the kangaroo mother program of the Maternal and Child Unit of Tolima (UMIT) is presented. The child was diagnosed with microcephaly associated with congenital Zika neuroinfection confirmed by RT-PCR test to the mother by the National Institute of Health. It presents imaging, physical, and clinical findings such as a head circumference persistently below -3SD, tone disorder, and a severe Psychomotor Development Retardation (PDR) with a persistent neurological age of three months in all controls. Cortical atrophy, periventricular and basal ganglia micro-calcification, and ventriculomegaly. This is the first of twenty-one patients with clinical suspicion and confirmation with findings similar to those presented in the literature. The importance of detecting these cases lies in the neurological risk presented by motor, cognitive and sensory involvement and also in the differentiation with TORCH neurological sequelae and chromosomal abnormalities.
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References
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