Efecto inhibitorio del fluoruro en la glucólisis de Streptococcus mutans: una revisión del tema
Resumen
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión de la literatura para identificar el nivel del efecto inhibidor en la glucólisis del Streptococcus mutans. La caries dental es una de las enfermedades crónicas más prevalentes a nivel mundial y resulta de un proceso dinámico de desmineralización del esmalte dental, mediado por ácidos producidos por bacterias cariogénicas que metabolizan carbohidratos fermentables presentes en la dieta. El principal microorganismo responsable de esta patología es el Streptococcus mutans, fundamental en el inicio y progresión de la enfermedad. Tras la revisión de los artículos y el análisis correspondiente, se concluye que el fluoruro desempeña un papel esencial en el mantenimiento normal de la microbiota de la cavidad oral. En este sentido, se considera relevante que futuros estudios evalúen el grado de inhibición que ofrecen distintas marcas de productos dentales para determinar cuál es la más efectiva en la prevención de la caries. Esta revisión busca proporcionar evidencia valiosa que permita a la comunidad hacer una elección informada sobre los productos disponibles en el mercado.
Referencias bibliográficas
Krzyściak W, Pluskwa KK, Piątkowski J, Krzyściak P, Jurczak A, Kościelniak D. The usefulness of biotyping in the determination of selected pathogenicity determinants in Streptococcus mutans. BMC Microbiol. 2014;14(1):194. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-14-194
Beighton D, Manji F, Baelum V, Fejerskov O, Johnson NW, Wilton JMA. Associations between salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, lactobacilli, and caries experience in Kenyan adolescents. J Dent Res. 1989;68(8):1242-6. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345890680080601
Argimón S, Caufield PW. Distribution of putative virulence genes in Streptococcus mutans strains does not correlate with caries experience. J Clin Microbiol. 2011 mzo.;49(3):984. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01993-10
Zurro AM, Cano-Pérez JF, Gené-Badia J. Atención primaria. Problemas de salud en la consulta de medicina de familia. 9th ed. Madrid: Elsevier; 2024.
Riedel S, Morse SA, Mietzner TA, Miller S. Estreptococos, enterococos y géneros relacionados. En: Jawetz JL, Melnick EA y Adelberg E. Microbiología Médica, 28e: McGraw-Hill Education; 2020. Disponible en https://accessmedicina.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2955§ionid=249093389
Krzyściak W, Jurczak A, Kościelniak D, Bystrowska B, Skalniak A. The virulence of Streptococcus mutans and the ability to form biofilms. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;33(4):499-515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-013-1993-7
Bowen WH, Koo H. Biology of Streptococcus mutans-derived glucosyltransferases: Role in extracellular matrix formation of cariogenic biofilms. Caries Res. 2011 abr. 1;45(1):69-86. https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000324598
Toi CS, Cleaton-Jones PE, Daya NP. Mutans streptococci and other caries-associated acidogenic bacteria in five-year-old children in South Africa. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 1999 ago.;14(4):238-43. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-302X.1999.140407.x
Jurakova V, Farková V, Kucera J, Dadakova K, Zapletalova M, Paskova K. Gene expression and metabolic activity of Streptococcus mutans during exposure to dietary carbohydrates glucose, sucrose, lactose, and xylitol. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2023 oct. 3;38(5):424-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/omi.12428
Baker JL, Lindsay EL, Faustoferri RC, To TT, Hendrickson EL, He X, et al. Characterization of the trehalose utilization operon in streptococcus mutans reveals that the TreR transcriptional regulator is involved in stress response pathways and toxin production. J Bacteriol. 2018 jun. 15;200(12). https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00057-18
Matar MA, Darwish SS, Salma RS, Lotfy WA. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Enamelast® and Fluor defender® fluoride varnishes against Streptococcus mutans biofilm: An in vitro study in primary teeth. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2023 oct. 1;24(5):549-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-023-00811-4
Lin Y, Ma Q, Yan J, Gong T, Huang J, Chen J, et al. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans growth and biofilm formation through protein acetylation. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2024 oct. 15;39(5):334-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/omi.12452
Weng LT, Yang DQ, Chen L. Materials for selective inhibition of Streptococcus mutans and progress in relevant research. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2022 sept.;53(5):922-928. Chinese. https://doi.org/10.12182/20220960202
Zhang K, Xiang Y, Peng Y, Tang F, Cao Y, Xing Z, et al. Influence of fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans within antagonistic dual-species biofilms under fluoride in vitro. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 feb. 28;12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.801569
Baty JJ, Stoner SN, Scoffield JA. Oral commensal Streptococci: Gatekeepers of the oral cavity. J Bacteriol. 2022 nov. 15;204(11). https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00257-22
Lin Y, Zhou X, Li Y. Strategies for Streptococcus mutans biofilm dispersal through extracellular polymeric substances disruption. Mol Oral Microbiol. 2022 feb. 22;37(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/omi.12355
Yost KG, VanDemark PJ. Growth inhibition of Streptococcus mutans and Leuconostoc mesenteroides by sodium fluoride and ionic tin. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1978 May;35(5):920-4. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.35.5.920-924.1978
Loskill P, Zeitz C, Grandthyll S, Thewes N, Müller F, Bischoff M, et al. Reduced adhesion of oral bacteria on hydroxyapatite by fluoride treatment. Langmuir. 2013 may. 7;29(18):5528-33. https://doi.org/10.1021/la4008558
Pandit S, Jung JE, Choi HM, Jeon JG. Effect of brief periodic fluoride treatments on the virulence and composition of a cariogenic biofilm. Biofouling. 2018 ene. 2;34(1):53-61. https://doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2017.1404583
Duggal MS, Toumba KJ, Amaechi BT, Kowash MB, Higham SM. Enamel demineralization in situ with various frequencies of carbohydrate consumption with and without fluoride toothpaste. 2001 ago.;80(8):1721-4. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345010800080801
Lagerweij MD, ten Cate JM. Remineralisation of enamel lesions with daily applications of a high-concentration fluoride gel and a fluoridated toothpaste: An in situ study. Caries Res. 2002 ago. 1;36(4):270-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000063929
Stecksén-Blicks C, Holm AK, Mayanagi H. Dental caries in Swedish 4-year-old children. Changes between 1967 and 1987. Swed Dent J. 1989;13(1-2):39-44. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2786649/
Rugg-Gunn AJ, Hackett AF, Appleton DR, Jenkins GN, Eastoe JE. Relationship between dietary habits and caries increment assessed over two years in 405 English adolescent school children. Arch Oral Biol. 1984 ene. 1;29(12):983-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(84)90145-6
