Microbiota intestinal y biomarcadores en demencia: Una revisión narrativa de la literatura
Resumen
La demencia es una condición neurodegenerativa progresiva que representa un creciente desafío de salud pública. Recientemente, la microbiota intestinal ha emergido como un factor relevante en su fisiopatología, especialmente a través del eje intestino-cerebro. Esta revisión narrativa explora la evidencia sobre la relación entre la disbiosis intestinal y los procesos neuroinflamatorios y neurodegenerativos, con énfasis en biomarcadores derivados de la microbiota. Se analizaron estudios recientes que describen mecanismos como la activación de citoquinas proinflamatorias, la translocación de lipopolisacárido (LPS) y la alteración en la producción de metabolitos como el butirato y el trimetilamina N-óxido (TMAO). Además, se discute el papel de los neurotransmisores modulados por la microbiota y su impacto en la barrera hematoencefálica. Estos biomarcadores emergen como herramientas prometedoras para la detección temprana y el seguimiento de la demencia, así como para el desarrollo de intervenciones personalizadas. A pesar de las limitaciones metodológicas propias de una revisión narrativa, los hallazgos respaldan el potencial de la modulación microbiana como enfoque terapéutico innovador.
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