Dualidad de las nanopartículas de CeO₂: una revisión de la actividad antioxidante o citotóxica en modelos celulares

Valentina Collo Salazar; Luisa María Rendón Barros

doi:10.18359/rfcb.8257

Valentina Collo Salazar Universidad del Cauca (Colombia) https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6107-3912
Luisa María Rendón Barros Universidad del Cauca (Colombia) https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7665-6823

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18359/rfcb.8257

Palabras clave: Actividad antioxidante, síntesis verde, Nanopartículas de óxido de cerio, Citotoxicidad

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Resumen

Las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS) pueden inducir estrés oxidativo, el cual se ha relacionado con diversas enfermedades. Los antioxidantes tradicionales tienen la capacidad de neutralizar las ROS; sin embargo, pueden tener efectos secundarios. En este contexto, se destaca la capacidad antioxidante de las nanopartículas de óxido de cerio (CeO₂NPs), por su potencial redox reversible (Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺); no obstante, pueden ejercer efectos citotóxicos, dependiendo del método de síntesis. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las evidencias científicas de las CeO₂NPs sobre los mecanismos de citotoxicidad, actividad antioxidante y el uso de extractos como potencializadores, considerando la influencia de los métodos de síntesis y los modelos biológicos utilizados. Para ello, se realizó una revisión narrativa mediante la consulta de literatura científica indexada en Web of Science, SciELO, PubMed y ScienceDirect, publicados entre el 2010 y el 2025. Los estudios evidencian que las nanopartículas obtenidas mediante síntesis verde presentan, en la mayoría de los casos, mayor biocompatibilidad y actividad antioxidante, la cual puede potenciarse mediante el uso de extractos vegetales como Salvia rosmarinus S. Además, se sientan las bases para futuros estudios orientados a evaluar factores como el tamaño de partícula y la concentración que influyen significativamente en la respuesta celular, así como el comportamiento diferencial en distintos sistemas biológicos, dado que la respuesta biológica puede variar, lo que demuestra una posible citotoxicidad dirigida a células malignas. Lo anterior, respalda la toma de decisiones en torno a la síntesis de CeO₂NPs y sus aplicaciones.

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Cómo citar

Collo Salazar, V., & Rendón Barros, L. M. (2026). Dualidad de las nanopartículas de CeO₂: una revisión de la actividad antioxidante o citotóxica en modelos celulares. Revista Facultad De Ciencias Básicas, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.18359/rfcb.8257